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Enoki, Enokitake, Golden Needle Mushroom
2 public strains
Flammulina filiformis is the East Asian enoki, the species behind most cultivated enokitake. It was long treated as the same species as the European F. velutipes, but DNA studies separated it, first as a variety (2015) and then as a species (2018). Wild fruit bodies are small, sticky and yellow-brown. Cultivated forms grown in darkness are pale, with long stems and tiny caps.
Edible; widely sold fresh and canned. Commercial enoki can carry Listeria monocytogenes, so food agencies advise cooking it thoroughly, never eating it raw and keeping it refrigerated. Wild foragers should note that the deadly Galerina marginata grows in similar clusters on wood; it has a rusty-brown spore print and usually a stem ring, while Flammulina has a white print.
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Mycology is an evolving science: names, classifications and safety information change as research advances. Entries are compiled from cited sources and reviewed, but may be incomplete or out of date — check the sources, and never rely on this library alone to identify or eat a mushroom.
