A stalked, puffball-like desert fungus that looks like an unopened shaggy mane on a tough, woody stem; the cap never opens to free gills but fills with contorted plates that ripen into dark brown to black spore powder. Despite the resemblance to Coprinus comatus, DNA places it in the Agaricaceae near lepiotoid mushrooms. A 2023 revision recognizes at least 16 Podaxis species, and whether North American collections are the same species Linnaeus described from India is unresolved.
Not known to be poisonous. It is said to be edible only when young and still white inside, but it is not commonly eaten, the stem is woody, and the identity of North American material is unresolved, so treat edibility with caution; older specimens with brown or black interiors are not food.
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Habitat
Presumed saprobic; alone or scattered on sandy soil in deserts and semi-deserts, wasteland, fields and disturbed urban ground, often appearing after heavy rain. In North America it fruits from fall through spring.
Distribution
Arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. In North America it is fairly common in the deserts of the southwestern United States, California and Mexico; it also occurs on the dry sides of the Hawaiian Islands (Kona, Hawaii; Kihei, Maui).
Characteristics
Cap: 4-8 cm high, 2-4 cm across, oval becoming roughly cylindric with a rounded top; dry, shaggy to scaly, white to pale brownish; margin tucked under and attached to the stem; outer layer shreds with age to expose the spore mass. Interior: contorted gill-like plates, whitish, then brownish, finally a dark brown to nearly black powder. Stem: 4-10 cm long below the cap, up to 1 cm thick, very tough and woody, fibrillose to scaly, whitish to brownish; base usually buried in sand; no ring. Spore print: not obtainable; spore powder very dark brown to nearly black. Spores: 13-19 x 10-13 um (often reported as about 10-15 x 9-12 um), broadly ellipsoid, smooth, thick-walled with a large apical pore (MushroomExpert).