The yellow knight is a yellow, pine-associated Tricholoma that was long eaten in Europe. Since 2001 it has been linked to rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) in people who ate it at several meals in a short period, and it is now advised against as food. The name covers considerable cryptic diversity, and several North American species have probably been called by it.
Deadly poisonous; do not eat. Associated with rhabdomyolysis after three or more meals within about two weeks: muscle weakness and pain starting 1-4 days after the last meal, stiffness and dark urine. Some patients have died during treatment. A 2018 trial of a single meal found no effects, but a 2020 review still advised against eating it. No poisonings are reported from North America.
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Habitat
Ectomycorrhizal with pines; alone, scattered or in groups on poor, sandy soil. Summer and fall.
Distribution
Widespread in Europe (especially abundant in France and central Portugal) and North America, with reports from Central America and Asia. North American collections under this name, particularly on the West Coast, may represent several distinct species.
Characteristics
Cap: 5-15 cm, convex becoming broadly convex; sticky when fresh; bright greenish yellow to yellow, with a brown to reddish-brown centre that spreads with age; skin peels. Gills: Notched, close, pale to bright yellow. Stem: 4-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm thick; pale yellow to yellow, brownish at the base. Flesh: White, unchanging. Odor and taste: Mealy. Spore print: White. Spores: 5-7 x 3-4 µm, ellipsoid, smooth, inamyloid.