Caterpillar Fungus, Yartsa Gunbu, Dong Chong Xia Cao
Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the caterpillar fungus, parasitizes the larvae of ghost moths (Hepialidae, mostly Thitarodes) in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas at 3,000-5,000 m. A dark brown, club-shaped stroma grows from the head of the mummified larva. It is valued in traditional Chinese, Tibetan and Nepalese medicine and trades at very high prices, although scientific support for its health benefits is insufficient.
Not a culinary mushroom; used as a traditional medicine. Wild-harvested specimens often contain high levels of arsenic and other heavy metals and can be toxic; China has regulated their sale since 2016. Product quality and labeling are inconsistent.
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